An ukiyo-e artist from the end of the Edo period into the early Meiji era. His surname was Yoshioka, later Tsukioka; his given name was Yonejiro. He used the names Ikkaisai Yoshitoshi, Kaisai, Gyokuoro, Shokatei and Shiei, and later Taiso Yoshitoshi. He worked chiefly on historical subjects, actor prints and pictures of beautiful women. He is particularly known for the “bloody prints” and was called “Yoshitoshi of the blood”; but he was also the most successful of the ukiyo-e artists of a declining age, and since many of his pupils went on to make careers in Japanese and Western painting he is sometimes called “the last ukiyo-e artist”. Kyosai Kawanabe was a fellow pupil under Kuniyoshi Utagawa.